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Short-acting : ( half-life 1–12 hours) : midazolam, triazolam.

Sleep disturbances: abnormal dreams, nightmares, sleep terrors.Antagonism of orexin ( hypocretin) receptors → ↓ wakefulness.Activation of MT1 and MT2 receptors in suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus → ↓ sleep-onset latency.Generalized-onset and focal-onset seizures.Intermediate-acting: amobarbital, butalbital Short-term treatment for insomnia or anxiety.Short-acting: pentobarbital, secobarbital GABA A receptor agonism → ↓ neuronal excitability in the brain → ↓ ICP and sedative, hypnotic, and antiepileptic effects.Ultra-short acting: thiopental, methohexital Long-acting: diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, tetrazepam, flurazepam Intermediate-acting: lorazepam, temazepam, oxazepam, lormetazepam, alprazolam Indirect GABA A receptor agonism → ↓ neuronal excitability.Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.